12 Health Benefits Of Milk Thistle, Nutrition, & Side Effects

Milk thistle is a popular herbal remedy best known for its liver-protecting properties. This herb (also known as Silybum marianum) is native to the Mediterranean region. The benefits of milk thistle can be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This flowering plant can help control blood sugar levels and enhance bone health. In this article, we have discussed how milk thistle benefits your health, its nutritional profile, and possible side effects. Keep reading to know more!

Know Your Ingredient: Milk Thistle

What Is It?
A plant native to the Mediterranean region containing seeds with medicinal value.

What Are Its Benefits?
It helps boost liver health, promote kidney health, brain function, weight loss, and improves immunity and digestive health.

Who Can Consume It?
Anyone can consume it except for people with low blood sugar levels.

How Often?
It can be consumed daily.

Caution
It may lower blood sugar levels too far and cause allergies and hormone-sensitive conditions and hormonal imbalances.

How Does Milk Thistle Benefit You?

Milk thistle works by flushing out the toxins in the body, which can otherwise cause issues like liver cirrhosis, kidney stones, diabetes, ill effects of chemotherapy, etc.

The other important nutrients in milk thistle, like vitamin E, fight free radicals and can delay the signs of aging. These characteristics of milk thistle (along with a few others that we will discuss in a while) make it what it is – a simple herb bestowing us with its great benefits.

What Are The Health Benefits Of Milk Thistle?

1. Milk Thistle Boosts Liver Health

Milk thistle contains silymarin, an active ingredient that protects the liver. The ingredient is a group of flavonoids that repair the liver cells that are damaged by alcohol and other toxins. Silymarin also protects the new liver cells from getting destroyed. Throughout history, this herb has been used to treat liver diseases (2).

“Silymarin in milk thistle reduces liver injury in animals. Hence, it can possibly be a treatment option for alcoholic liver disease in humans.”

– Abenavoli L and Co., Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.

2. Protects The Kidneys And Gallbladder

As the kidneys work closely with the liver, and as milk thistle helps support liver health, it also promotes kidney functioning. The same goes for gallstonesⁱ  Small and firm crystalline masses that form unnaturally in the bile ducts or gallbladder. They are asymptomatic in many people. as well – studies have shown that this herb can help prevent gallstone formation. Milk thistle also protects the kidney cells, especially in the case of diabetic neuropathy (a condition in diabetes where kidney function is impaired) (3). It also supports the detoxification of the kidneys and gallbladder.

3. Aids Diabetes Treatment

Research suggests that when coupled with traditional treatment, milk thistle can improve diabetes. The herb can also improve insulin resistance and lower blood sugar levels. These effects of milk thistle can be attributed to silymarin (4).

Milk thistle also contains another compound called silibin, which was found to have positive effects on several diabetes complications (5). And another reason it could be good for diabetics is that it protects the liver – the liver also plays some role in releasing insulin into the bloodstream.

4. Milk Thistle Enhances Heart Health

Milk thistle may lower bad cholesterol and hence cut the risk of heart disease (6). It can also lower the cholesterol levels by lowering inflammation. It cleans the blood and prevents damage to the arteries due to oxidative stress. The herb also prevents glutathione depletion (we will discuss more of this in a bit), which is a master antioxidant that fights oxidative stress and prevents heart disease.

Other clinical studies have also proved that milk thistle has cardioprotective effects (7). A few other studies have shown how milk thistle can regulate blood pressure too.

5. Can Help In Cancer Treatment

The silybin in milk thistle can improve the functioning of certain chemotherapy drugs, especially in the case of ovarian cancer. The herb was also found to slow down the progression of prostate cancer cells. Some animal studies also found how milk thistle could reduce the side effects of chemotherapy (8).

Other studies state that milk thistle can induce cancer cell death in the case of colon and breast cancers. Though there is more research required in humans, this sure is an encouraging step (9).

6. Can Aid Weight Loss

There is some early research that shows how milk thistle can aid healthy weight loss. Mice fed with a high-fat diet lost weight after taking silymarin (10). And as milk thistle can regulate blood sugar, it may also help with weight loss – as research links steady blood sugar levels to improved weight loss.

7. Promotes Brain Health

Some early suggests that milk thistle can protect against multiple sclerosisⁱ  A pathological condition characterized by unnatural hardening of the body tissues, which results in nerve damage. and Parkinson’s disease. Silymarin was also found to suppress the formation of amyloid beta-protein, which is often linked to Alzheimer’s.

Several other studies also show how milk thistle can help prevent age-related brain ailments like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Some research also talks about the importance of milk thistle in treating anxiety and depression – but we need more information on this before we come to conclusions.

8. Milk Thistle Strengthens Bones

Studies confirm that milk thistle can be used as a potential treatment for osteoporosisⁱ  A medical condition characterized by fragile and brittle bones caused as a result of tissue loss. . The silymarin in milk thistle was found to be helpful in building bones and preventing bone loss (12).

Other studies talk about bone loss caused by estrogen, and how milk thistle might benefit in this aspect as well.

9. Delays Aging

The antioxidants in milk thistle fight free radical damage, and this eventually slows down the aging process, maintaining skin health. This is equally true with the signs of aging on the surface of your skin and within your internal organs.

Some research says that consuming milk thistle is one good way to reduce the signs of aging – which include wrinkles, dark spots, and fine lines (13). Internally, these antioxidants can delay aging by preventing joint pains and improving eye health.

10. Might Be Beneficial During Breastfeeding

Historically, milk thistle was used to increase the supply of breast milk. Some preliminary studies show that it can increase the levels of prolactinⁱ  A hormone produced by the pituitary gland, it is responsible for milk production in mammals. It is also known as lactotropin. in the body, which eventually stimulates milk production.

However, we suggest you take your doctor’s advice before using the herb in this regard.

11. Boosts Immunity And Prevents Allergies

Studies have shown that milk thistle can have immunostimulatory effects. It can boost immunity and improve the body’s ability to ward off infections and diseases (14). And since milk thistle improves liver function, this also benefits the immune system – as the two are closely interlinked.

The antioxidants in milk thistle also boost immunity and counter allergies. Skin rashes are one of the allergies that milk thistle can counter. More importantly, the herb might fight acne as well. As acne is also caused due to bodily toxins, the detoxifying effect of milk thistle can have desirable effects on it.

12. Improves Digestive Health

Milk thistle boosts enzyme formation and the production of bile – and this contributes to digestive health. And given its anti-inflammatory properties, the herb also soothes the mucus membranes in the gut.

Studies also show how milk thistle has been used for centuries to treat upper gastrointestinal issues and other digestive ailments (15).

Fun Fact

Milk thistle is often called “blessed milk thistle.” As per folk legends, the white spots on the leaves are caused by the drops of the Virgin Mary’s milk.

Milk Thistle And Glutathione (And Other Synergies)

We already discussed how milk thistle (silymarin) could protect against glutathione depletion. The herb, basically, preserves glutathione. This eventually strengthens the liver cell walls.

Glutathione is not the only compound milk thistle acts with in synergy. Other important ingredients like ashwagandha, curcumin, green tea extract, and gingko biloba extract powder also work in synergy with milk thistle and improve the antioxidant defense of the body.

Trivia

Greek botanist and physician Dioscorides was the first to detail the medicinal properties of milk thistle.

What Is The Nutritional Profile Of Milk Thistle?

Milk thistle contains a bio-flavanoid complex called silymarin. It is the primary ingredient of the plant. It is also the active compound that gives milk thistle its medicinal properties. Silymarin is made up of 3 flavanoids:

• Silybin, which is also known as silibinin.
• Silydianin, which is also known as silidianin.
• Silychristin, also known as silicristin.

The main flavanoid in silymarin is silybin, which makes up about 50-70% of milk thistle’s most important extract. Silybin has been studied clinically, and researchers have found it to be the most beneficial and biologically-active component of silymarin.

Before extraction, milk thistle’s fruits contain:

• Silymarin
• Silyhermin
• Neo-silyhermin A and B
• Protein
• Vitamin E
• Sterolsⁱ  A group of unsaturated steroid alcohols that occur naturally in plants and animals and play an important role in cell structure and function.
• Quercetin
• Apigenin
• Kaempferol
• Eriodyctiol
• Chrysoeriol
• Naringin
• Dihydroxychromone

The leaves contain:

• Luteolin
• Luteolin’s 7-0-Glucoside
• Triterpene acetate
• Fumaric acid

However, there are certain things about milk thistle that are not so good. Its overdose might lead to certain undesirable conditions.

What Are The Side Effects Of Milk Thistle?

Despite all the remarkable benefits, there are some side effects of milk thistle that must be noted. Explore them below.

• Might Lower Blood Sugar Way Too Much

Since milk thistle helps lower blood sugar, it might lower the levels way too much in case someone is already on diabetes medications. Hence, consult your doctor before using it.

• Allergies

Milk thistle can cause allergies in people who are sensitive to ragweed and other plants of the same family (Asteraceae).

• Might Aggravate Hormone-Sensitive Conditions

Since milk thistle extracts might mimic estrogen, it might aggravate hormone-sensitive conditions like breast and uterine fibroidsⁱ  Non-cancerous growths in the uterus that may develop during childbearing years in women. Common causes include obesity. and uterine cancer. Hence, it is best to consult a doctor before using it.

These are some potential health risks associated with excess intake of milk thistle. Let’s see its drug interactions in the following section.

What Medications Should Not Be Taken With Milk Thistle?

Milk thistle is a popular herbal supplement that may interact with certain medications. Jordan Anthony, MS RDN, says, “Milk thistle can cause negative interactions with everything from anti-anxiety medication to cholesterol drugs to allergy pills. You should definitely consult your doctor before taking it if you’re on any regular prescription medications.” Here is a list of more medications that shouldn’t be combined with milk thistle:

• Antipsychotics: Anecdotal evidence suggests that milk thistle may reduce the effectiveness of antipsychotic medication, such as haloperidol.
• Anticoagulant Drugs: It may interact with blood thinners, such as warfarin. However, limited data is available in this regard.
• Anti-anxiety Drugs: Some anti-anxiety drugs such as diazepam, if taken with milk thistle, may have an additive effect that can induce drowsiness or sedation. However, more research is needed to support this claim.

Infographic: How To Use Milk Thistle

Milk thistle, a flowering herb, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. It has been used to manage many ailments since ancient times.

There are many ways to include milk thistle in your routine to reap its benefits, as elaborated in the following infographic. Check it out!

Illustration: StyleCraze Design Team

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does it take for milk thistle to start working?

Jordan says, “Milk thistle works best when you take it regularly for several weeks or months.”

How to make milk thistle tea?

Crush a tablespoon of milk thistle seeds and add it to three cups of boiling water. Steep for about 20 minutes and then strain. You can take one cup at least 30 minutes before meals – once each in the morning, afternoon, evening, and before going to bed.

What is the ideal dosage of milk thistle?

The dosage is 150 milligrams per day – and this acts as a liver detox. For normal use, you can take between 50 and 150 milligrams daily.

Where to buy milk thistle?

You can get it from the nearest health store or online.

What is the best way to take milk thistle?

Though taking milk thistle the natural way may be better, it all boils down to your needs. Please check with your doctor.

Is it best to take milk thistle on an empty stomach?

Yes. Some sources say doing so makes it work faster. But do consult your doctor as well. This is because other reliable sources say that taking milk thistle on an empty stomach can lead to diarrhea.

What to avoid when taking milk thistle?

Milk thistle can inhibit the metabolism of certain drugs. Hence, ask your doctor if any of the medications you are taking could be metabolized by a liver enzyme called CYP3A4.

What is the best time to take milk thistle?

Ideally, it is suggested to consume milk thistle before taking meals. However, it is best to consult a physician before making any dietary changes.

Does milk thistle lower cortisol?

Animal studies suggest that milk thistle may help lower cortisol levels in the blood (16). Cortisol helps regulate stress, metabolism, and other vital functions (17). However, more studies are warranted to understand this theory further.

Is milk thistle good for arthritis?

Yes, milk thistle has potential anti-arthritic properties that may help manage the symptoms of arthritis and may decrease the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (18).

Illustration: Health Benefits Of Milk Thistle Nutrition & Side Effects

Image: Stable Diffusion/StyleCraze Design Team

Learn more about the amazing benefits of milk thistle for your liver. Watch this video to discover how this natural herb can help improve liver health and function. Hit play and get healthier!

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Reviewer Expert Author Editor Fact Checker

Dr. Zeel GandhiBAMS

 

Dr. Zeel Gandhi is an Ayurvedic doctor with 7 years of experience and an expert at providing holistic solutions for health problems encompassing Internal medicine, Panchakarma, Yoga, Ayurvedic Nutrition, and formulations.

Read full bio of Dr. Zeel Gandhi

• 
  Jordan AnthonyMS RDN Jordan Anthony is a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist with over 6 years of experience. She was a public relations professional before she went back to the University of Southern California to get a Master's degree in Nutrition, Healthspan and Longevity. She is currently serving as the Senior Director of Nutrition at Ahara Corporation in Los Angeles, USA.
  
  Jordan Anthony is a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist with over 6 years of experience. She was a public relations professional before she went back to the University of Southern California to get a Master's degree in Nutrition, Healthspan and Longevity. She is currently serving as the Senior Director of Nutrition at Ahara Corporation in Los Angeles, USA.

Sindhu KogantiSenior Health & Wellness Writer

 

Sindhu Koganti is a Certified Health and Nutrition Life Coach and has over 6 years of experience in writing on health and wellness topics. She has a bachelor’s degree in biotechnology from Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, and a diploma in nutrition from Fab Academy.

Read full bio of Sindhu Koganti

Ravi Teja TadimallaCo-Editor-in-Chief

Ravi Teja Tadimalla is a Co-Editor-in-Chief and a published author. He has been in the digital media field for over a decade. He graduated from SRM University, Chennai, and has a Professional Certificate in Food, Nutrition & Research from Wageningen University.

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Payal KarnikSenior Health & Wellness Writer

Payal Karnik is a senior health and wellness writer and a Certified Health and Nutrition Life Coach. She is a biotechnology graduate from the University of Mumbai with a keen interest in writing and a natural curiosity for science.

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