Kumquat: Benefits, Recipes, Side Effects And More

Kumquat has been popular in folk medicine as a treatment to fight common cold, cough, and other respiratory ailments. This sweet citrus fruit is native to the Chinese continent. Kumquat benefits can be attributed to its flavonoids and antioxidants that may help support the immune system. Its fiber and vitamin C content make it a healthy snack for weight management too. In this article, we explore the nutritional profile and health benefits of kumquats and discuss how you can add them to your diet. Read on to understand more.

Know Your Ingredient: Kumquat

What Is It?
A small, oval, and orange citrus fruit belonging to the Rutaceae family and native to the Chinese continent.

What Are Its Benefits?
It may support healthy weight management and boost the immune system and help combat hyperpigmentation and cancer.

Who Can Consume It?
Anyone who is not allergic can consume it.

How Often?
It can be consumed daily.

Caution
It may lead to allergic symptoms in some, like hives, redness, itching, and swelling.

Kumquats are small, round, or oval orange-like fruits that belong to the Rutaceae family. Their peel is edible and has a sweet flavor, while the fruit has a sour or tart taste. This exotic fruit is commonly used to make marmalades, jellies, and other spreads. It can be eaten cooked or as a healthy fruit snack

Bonnie, a blogger, shared her experience of trying kumquat for the first time: “I had my first experience [of] eating a kumquat just the other day. It was…TART! This little thing has some serious pucker power! I had no idea what to expect though, so I just went for it. It tastes like an orange, but sour like a lemon…and you can definitely taste the rind (i).”

Trivia

The name kumquat is taken from the Cantonese word ‘kamkwat,’ which means ‘gold’ or ‘tangerine’.

.Find out how this fruit helps in improving your health in the next section.

Health Benefits of Kumquat

1. May Help Combat Obesity and Weight Management

Animal studies have reported that kumquat fruit extracts help fight obesity and related metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular stress. Consumption of these extracts resulted in lower levels of serum triglyceride, fasting blood glucose levels, and improved tolerance to both glucose tolerance and insulin in high-fat diet-induced obese mice (1).

This study also revealed that apart from the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of kumquat fruits, the flavonoids neoeriocitrinⁱ  A compound found in citrus foods that acts as a therapeutic agent to protect the cartilage tissue in the body. and poncirinⁱ  A flavonoid (natural substance) that promotes anti-inflammatory activities in the body, helping fight gastric diseases and viral infections. were suspected to reduce hyperglycemiaⁱ  It occurs due to an excessive amount of glucose in the body, which increases blood pressure and in turn the risk of getting diabetes. , hyperlipidemiaⁱ  A form of cholesterol imbalance in the blood that leads to fat storage in the heart muscles and causes a lack of oxygen supply to the heart. , and hepatic lipid accumulation in high fat-induced obese mice (1).

The studies are still in the preliminary stages, but they reveal kumquat-based products as potential candidates for diet supplements for metabolic disorders.

2. May Help Support Healthy Immune Function

Traditionally, kumquats have been used in folk remedies to treat the common cold, cough, and other respiratory ailments in Asia for their immune-supporting properties (2). These fruits are rich in vitamin C, which plays a vital role in supporting the immune system (3). But, further studies need to be conducted to understand how kumquats improve the body’s immunity.

3. May Help Suppress Hyperpigmentation

Hyperpigmentation is caused by excess melanin. Enzymes such as tyrosinase help in the production of melanocytesⁱ  Cells that promote the production of melanin which protects from photodamage as a result of exposure to UV rays. in the skin. Scientists have discovered that kumquat peels have compounds that can inhibit tyrosinase. These tyrosinase inhibitors may help in suppressing unwanted hyperpigmentation in human skin (2).

A study published in the Journal of Food and Drug Analysis reported that the hot-water extracts of immature kumquat peel demonstrated to have an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase (2). This anti-tyrosinase activity has been credited to DGPP (3′,5′-di-C-β-glucopyranosylphloretin), a flavonoid found in kumquat (2). However, several follow-up studies and clinical trials are needed to further prove this claim.

4. May Have An Anti-Cancer Effect

Kumquat fruits may help reduce the risk of certain cancers. Kumquats contain carotenoids such as β-cryptoxanthin, which is known to trigger the production of natural killer cells. These natural killer cells fight infections by terminating foreign or tumor cells (4).

Animal studies have shown that the kumquat pericarp extracts enhanced natural killer cell activity in restraint stress mice (4). In vivo studies on in-human KHYG-1 cell lines also show similar results (4).

Another study highlights the role of kumquat extracts in the inhibition of human prostate (LNCaP) cell proliferation (5).

5. Rich In Antioxidants

Several studies point to the high antioxidant activity of kumquat fruits (2), (6). It is rich in numerous bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acidsⁱ  An antioxidant agent absorbed through intestinal tract walls to prevent cell damage and fight against free radicals. , and their derivatives (7).

It has been found that the flavonoids from unripe fruits are responsible for most of the antioxidant activities. Antioxidants help fight chronic diseases by scavenging excess free radicals generated due to oxidative stress.

6. May Support Hair Growth

The rich vitamin C content in kumquat may help in stimulating dermal papilla cells, which play a crucial role in hair regeneration and growth (8), (9), (10). Additionally, vitamin C also facilitates iron absorption in the body. This may help reduce the risk of hair loss due to iron deficiency (11). Further, vitamin C deficiency may cause scurvy, a condition that impacts hair health, making it brittle and dry, which may lead to further hair loss (12). Hence, consuming fruits rich in vitamin C may benefit your hair health. However, scientific evidence linking the consumption of kumquat to hair growth is limited. Hence, more research is warranted in this regard.

Anecdotal evidence also suggests that kumquats have anti-aging properties and are believed to be beneficial for skin health.

Did You Know?

Kumquats were originally considered a citrus fruit but were given their own genus, Fortunella, in 1915.

Kumquat Fruit – Nutrition facts

Kumquats are nutritious as they contain vitamins and minerals that are essential for the body. They are low in calories and high in fiber.

A 100-gram serving of kumquats contains (8):

• Calories: 71
• Carbs: 16 grams
• Protein: 2 grams
• Fat: 1 gram
• Fiber: 6.5 grams
• Vitamin A: 290 IU
• Vitamin C: 43.9 mg
• Choline : 8.4 mg
• Folate: 17 µg

Kumquat is a refreshing fruit that is super-hydrating due to its rich water content. It is a good source of several minerals like calcium and manganese. Apart from fiber, it also has healthy fats (omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids) that make it a nutritious snack!

So, wondering how to include this amazing fruit into your diet? Find out in the next section.

How To Eat – Kumquat Recipes

• The best way to enjoy this low calorie fruit is to pop it in whole with the peel intact! The peel gives it a sweet and zesty flavor, while the flesh is juice and tart. The seeds are edible but bitter to taste. Do not forget to thoroughly rinse them before eating them.
• You can prepare assorted condiments such as chutneys, sauces, jams, marinades, jellies, and marmalades with kumquats.
• Add them as toppings in salads, sandwiches, and desserts!
• You can bake them into cakes and pies.
• It is a popular candied fruit.
• Kumquat tea is another way to enjoy this exotic fruit.

Here are a few recipes you can try out with kumquats!

1. Candied Kumquats

These candied kumquats are the perfect bite-size snacks that are easy to make and super-versatile. You can pop them into your mouth to satisfy your sweet cravings or add them to your salads and desserts.

You Will Need

• 4 cups of roughly chopped kumquats
• 1 cup of water
• 2 cups of sugar

Process

1. Chop the kumquats and remove the seeds as they are bitter in taste.
2. Bring the water and sugar to a boil.
3. Add the chopped kumquats to the pot and let this mixture simmer for 10-15 minutes.
4. Remove the kumquats and save them for later.
5. Let the remaining syrup simmer for 5 more minutes till it gets a syrup consistency.
6. Combine the kumquats and the syrup together.
7. Let them set and harden.
8. You can store them in a jar and refrigerate them. They can be stored for up to two weeks.

2. Kumquat Salsa

Salsa is the perfect accompaniment for brunches and home luncheons. Take it up a notch by adding kumquat to your salsa!

You Will Need

• 2 cups chopped, cleaned, and thinly sliced kumquats
• 1/2 cup chopped red onion
• 1/4 cup chopped fresh cilantro
• 3 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil
• 1/4 teaspoon red pepper flakes
• Dash of cayenne pepper
• Pinch of kosher salt

Process

1. Combine all the ingredients in a big bowl.
2. You can increase or decrease the amount of red pepper and cayenne to adjust the heat.
3. Let sit for 1 hour for the flavors to blend more fully.
4. Serve this delicious salsa with seafood platters, steak, and more!

3. Kumquat Marmalade

There is no better breakfast than including warm marmalade. It is just the sweet and tangy treat you need to kickstart your day!

You Will Need

• 13/4 pounds kumquats
• 1 package (13/4 ounces) powdered fruit pectin
• 6 1/2 cups sugar
• Zest and juice of 1 lemon
• A pinch of cayenne pepper
• 1 star anise
• 1 cup water

Process

1. Slice the kumquats into small quarters. Remove the seeds.
2. Add the kumquats, lemon zest, lemon juice, cayenne pepper, star anise, and sugar into a pot of water.
3. Let this mixture simmer at medium heat for 3 hours. Make sure to keep stirring it regularly so that it does not stick to the bottom of the pan.
4. When it reaches the desired consistency, remove it from the stove and let it cool for 15 minutes.
5. Store the marmalade in clean jars and refrigerate.

Buying fruits can be a pretty confusing task. Do you always end up buying overripe or under-ripe fruits? Check out our tips for selecting and storing kumquats below!

Selection And Storage Of Kumquats

• The main characteristics related to the quality of kumquats are:

1. Color: Choose fruits that are orange in color, not green. Avoid fruits that are spotted or discolored.
2. Plumpness: Squeeze them gently. Look for kumquats that are plump and firm as they are juicy. Pass on squishy fruits as they might be over-ripe.

• Kumquats are available in supermarkets, farmers’ markets, and Asian grocery stores. The two popular varieties of kumquat are Nagami (which has an oval shape) and Meiwa (which is round and sweet).
• You can store them fresh for about two weeks in the refrigerator.
• You can also blend them into a puree and freeze them.

Are these fruits safe? Do they have any side effects? Keep reading.

Risks Of Eating Kumquat

Kumquats are generally safe to consume unless you are allergic to them. The most common symptoms of an allergic reaction include:

• Hives
• Redness
• Itching
• Swelling

Consult a doctor immediately if you notice any of these symptoms after eating kumquats.

Other probable side effects of overconsuming kumquats are diarrhea, cramps, and bloating. This is attributed to the high fiber content of these exquisite fruits! A simple way around this issue is to eat them in moderation (around five) and drink loads of water.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are kumquats a superfood?

Yes, kumquats can be termed a superfood. They are loaded with many beneficial nutrients like vitamin C, folate, and choline that can promote overall health.

Is kumquat good for high blood pressure?

Yes, kumquat is good for high blood pressure. It has high potassium content that helps decrease blood viscosity and may significantly lower blood pressure.

Do kumquats make you sleepy?

No, kumquats will not make one sleepy. In fact, if taken right before bedtime, these may trigger acidity and even disturb sleep.

Do kumquats cause gas?

No, kumquats will not cause gas. In fact, their high fiber content helps reduce excess gas and boost digestion.

Is kumquat acid or alkaline?

Kumquats are acidic. They have a pH of 3.95.

Are kumquat seeds poisonous?

No, kumquat seeds are not poisonous. However, they are bitter.

Are kumquats keto-friendly?

No, kumquats may not be a good fit for keto because of their carbohydrate content.

Is calamansi the same as kumquat?

No. In fact, calamansi is a hybrid between a kumquat and mandarin orange.

Illustration: Kumquat: Benefits Recipes Side Effects And More

Image: Stable Diffusion/StyleCraze Design Team

Want to discover the various advantages of kumquats? Click on this video to know how this delicious citrus fruit can help improve your health.