10 Side Effects Of Eating A Lot Of Tomatoes

Many of us consume tomatoes regularly. These are added to many dishes for the unique flavor they impart. They are packed with nutrients and contain Lycopene known for its health benefits (1). But are you aware of the side effects of tomatoes?

These may not be suitable for everyone, and not all can consume them in regular amounts. So, understanding the potential side effects of tomatoes is important for safe consumption. In this article, you will understand the different ways tomatoes may impact your health negatively. Continue reading to know more.

Know The Flip Side: Tomatoes

Short-Term Effects
Acid reflux, vomiting, headache, and can trigger skin allergies.

Long-Term Effects
Aggravate kidney and urinary problems.

Drug Interactions
May interfere with blood pressure-lowering and blood-thinning medications.

When To See A Doctor
Excessive consumption may exacerbate GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) or digestive stress.

10 Serious Side Effects Of Tomatoes

Tomatoes – A Brief

Scientifically called Solanum lycopersicum, the tomato belongs to the nightshade family of Solanaceae. Tomatoes originated in the Central and South Americas. In Mexico, they were first used in food, and eventually spread throughout the world.

Today, the tomato is consumed in a variety of ways – raw, cooked, and as an ingredient in numerous dishes, sauces, drinks, and salads.

Trivia

Tomatoes are believed to have originated in Native America as they can be traced back to the Aztecs around 700 AD. They were introduced to the Europeans in the 16th century.

Why Can Tomatoes Be Bad For You?

Though they are usually safe for consumption, they can cause complications in some people. Some of the issues tomatoes can cause include acid reflux, effects of intolerance, muscle aches, etc.

Even the leaf of the tomato plant can be unsafe. In large amounts, it can cause vomiting, dizziness, nausea, headache, and, in severe cases, even death (2).

Another major factor contributing to this dark side of tomatoes is lycopene, the very compound that, quite surprisingly, is responsible for its benefits as well.

Lycopene In Tomatoes

Lycopene is safe in most cases. But lycopene supplements may not be safe during pregnancy. Lycopene can also aggravate the symptoms of prostate cancer.

Lycopene must be used cautiously in patients who have stomach ulcers and other stomach issues. The compound can also cause low blood pressure. Individuals on blood pressure lowering medication must stay away from lycopene.

Lycopene can also increase the risk of bleeding and must be avoided by people with bleeding disorders.

Other side effects of excess lycopene intake include lycopenenemia, a condition causing yellow-orange pigmentation of the skin (1).

And now, for the side effects, in detail.

Side Effects Of Tomatoes

1. Acid Reflux/Heartburn

Tomatoes are acidic, and they might cause heartburn. Tomatoes are packed with malic and citric acids and can make the stomach produce excessive gastric acid (which is responsible for food breakdown) (3). When the volume of the acid increases, it is forced to flow up the esophagus, causing the symptoms. In fact, even cooking tomatoes may not be of much help.

Tomatoes and tomato sauce are also listed as a couple of foods that may trigger a reflux (4).

Tomatoes may also worsen the symptoms of GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)ⁱ  A digestive condition in which stomach acid frequently flows back into the food pipe and irritates the lining. (5). Hence, it is best to avoid acidic foods like tomatoes to avoid acid reflux symptoms.

Did You Know?

During the 17th century, Europeans nicknamed tomatoes “poison apples,” as many aristocrats died after eating them. But, they later discovered that the lead content in their pewter plates was absorbed by the high acidity in tomatoes, leading to deaths.

2. Allergies And Infections

Symptoms of a tomato allergy most often occur immediately after the fruit is consumed. These include hives, skin irritation, rashes, eczemaⁱ  A common and chronic skin condition that causes dryness, irritation, inflammation, and red rashes on the skin. , coughing, sneezing, an itching sensation in the throat, and swelling of the face, mouth, and tongue.

Roselea, a blogger, describes her experience when she suspected an allergic reaction her daughter had to tomatoes, “While nursing her, I noticed her face getting red and blotchy. By the time she woke up, it looked awful: red with white puffy places all over her face (i).” She later found that it may have been cinnamon in combination with tomato that caused the reaction, but it goes on to show that tomato allergy can manifest itself even with other ingredients.

According to a Polish study, tomatoes contain a compound called histamine that may cause certain allergic reactions and inflammation (6).

Tomatoes can also cause allergic contact dermatitisⁱ  A skin condition where you experience skin rashes and irritation after coming in contact with an irritant or allergen. – where your skin becomes severely itchy and swollen after touching the fruit. Tomatoes can also lead to itchy lips. Another possible allergic reaction to do with tomatoes is a red patch around the eyebrows and eyelids (7).

3. Kidney Problems

According to a report published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease must limit their intake of potassium, a mineral tomatoes are rich in (8).

People with severe kidney issues may also be required to limit their intake of tomatoes as they contain a lot of water.

High potassium levels in the blood, which is one of the causes of kidney disease, could be dealt with by avoiding tomatoes or tomato sauce or anything made of tomatoes. Tomato sauce is also high in oxalate, which is another reason susceptible individuals must steer clear of it (9).

4. Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Tomatoes, given their irritating skins and seeds, may be one reason for irritable bowel syndrome. And if you already have IBS, tomatoes can also trigger bloating.

Tomatoes are also one of the most common food allergens that may cause intestinal problems (10).

5. Diarrhea

Diarrhea can occur in individuals suffering from tomato intolerance.

Tomatoes are greasy and acidic and must be avoided during diarrhea. They could be a source of an organism called salmonella that causes diarrhea (11).

6. Excessive Sodium

Ensure you choose lower sodium versions of tomato sauce as most sauces have a high sodium content.

Even tomato soup can have too much of sodium. Just one cup of the soup can contain anywhere between 700 to 1,260 mg of sodium (12). While tomato soup benefits are plenty, it’s better to stick to homemade tomato soups over packaged ones. And even if you are buying packaged or processed tomato soups, opt for low-sodium options. Canned tomatoes can contain 220 mg of sodium for every half cup.

7. Lycopenodermia

We know tomatoes are excellent sources of lycopene. This can also be a bane. Excessive intake of lycopene can cause lycopenodermia, which is the deep-orange coloration of the skin. This may not be a health threat, but is surely not very attractive to look at (13).

Lycopenodermia can also occur with excessive consumption of lycopene supplements. But worry not – the condition is reversible (14).

8. Urinary Problems

Acidic foods like tomatoes may irritate the bladder and result in urinary incontinence. Tomatoes may also cause bladder symptoms, and in certain cases, cystitis (burning sensation in the bladder).

9. Respiratory Problems

People allergic to tomatoes may have difficulty in breathing.

We can also accuse tomatoes of being conducive to mold development – and molds, according to the United States Department of Agriculture, can cause allergies and respiratory problems (15).

10. Acute Gastrointestinal Upset

Since tomatoes are highly acidic, they may cause acute stomach discomfort if you are already suffering from acid reflux or heartburn.

Tomatoes can also make the stomach produce more acid, which may cause acute gastrointestinal upset (6).

11. Lower Blood Sugar Levels

Consuming tomatoes may not be advisable for those with low blood sugar level (hypoglycemia) as they can reduce it to a dangerously low level. Tomatoes have been found to significantly lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and enhance glucose tolerance. This is because of an increase in enzymes like AMP-activated protein kinase (T-AMPK), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and glucokinase (GCK) in the liver that contribute to blood sugar reduction. In addition, tomato consumption also regulates the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), further aiding the blood glucose-lowering effect (16). Hence, people with hypoglycemia need to be cautious while including tomatoes in their daily diet.

So, while tomatoes offer numerous health benefits, they may also lead to side effects like acid reflux, allergies, and diarrhea. You must consume them in moderation to prevent these side effects and avoid any other potential health issues. But that’s not all! There is another set of people that, in this aspect, must practice caution more than anybody else.

Pregnant And Breastfeeding Women

In regular amounts, tomatoes are found to be safe for pregnant and breastfeeding women. However, there is insufficient evidence when it comes to large amounts. The best way to go about it would be to consult your doctor.

Talking about lycopene in this context, there is no evidence. Hence, refrain from taking lycopene supplements (1).

Tomato, especially the sauce, has a strong flavor and can make its way into the breast milk. This can make the baby uncomfortable and irritable.

In case you have more questions…

These side effects don’t mean you chuck tomatoes right away. The benefits of tomatoes are numerous and they are worth including in your diet. What we say is be wary of the side effects, and don’t consume them in excess.

How Much Lycopene Is Safe?

Shavonne Morrison,

MS, RD, says, “Lycopene is one type of carotenoid. One study suggests 75 mg per day of lycopene is safe. According to this study, fresh tomatoes contain anywhere from 0.88-7.74mg of lycopene per 100g, which is about 1 small tomato.”

Infographic: Alternatives To Tomatoes

Though nutritious and beneficial, tomatoes can also cause serious side effects. Not everyone can consume tomatoes in equal amounts as they may cause acid reflux, muscle aches, or infections in a few. However, you can choose alternatives that may give your dishes the same flavor and color. Check out the infographic below to learn about the other tomato alternatives that you can use.

Illustration: StyleCraze Design Team

Tomatoes are juicy fruits that contain antioxidants and several useful plant compounds. They offer many health benefits. However, excess intake of tomatoes may cause side effects like acid reflux or heartburn, allergies and infections, kidney problems, irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea, urinary issues, and respiratory problems. There is limited evidence on the safety of tomatoes for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Hence, limit their consumption to avoid their adverse effects.
Tell us how this post has helped you. Do comment in the box below.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can lycopene cause constipation?

Shavonne Morrison says, “Lycopene and tomatoes, in general, are unlikely to cause constipation.”

Can tomatoes be toxic?

Tomatoes contain solanine, which is a toxic alkaloid. This alkaloid is a part of the plant’s defense mechanism to make the fruit look unappealing to animals. Though all parts of the plant contain solanine (including the fruit), the heaviest concentrations are in the leaves and stems. Hence, consuming tomatoes in normal amounts is not toxic.

Are tomato seeds poisonous?

Usually, no. But consult your doctor in this regard. Certain individuals are not allowed to have tomato seeds due to medical reasons.

What are green tomatoes?

Green tomatoes are of two types. One is the unripe red tomato, and the other is the heirloom variety of tomatoes that is originally green. Heirloom tomatoes have vertical stripes, are soft when pressed, and taste pretty much like the ripe red tomatoes. Unripe red tomatoes look green, feel harder, and have an acidic flavor.

Can tomatoes be eaten raw?

Yes. Just check the acidity. If you are suffering from acid reflux or any other gastrointestinal issue, raw tomatoes are not advised.

Is tomato leaf poisonous?

There is insufficient evidence regarding this. To be on the safe side, avoid consumption in large amounts. And consult your doctor.

Are canned tomatoes dangerous?

Yes, in the long run. In fact, any canned food is considered dangerous. This is because the inside of these cans is coated with Bisphenolⁱ  A chemical compound used to manufacture plastics that may cause oxidative stress, infertility and increased blood pressure. A or BPA, which can pose a health risk. Even otherwise, canned tomatoes are high in sodium, and that is not healthy.

Can tomatoes be applied to the face?

Yes. They benefit your skin in numerous ways – they tone your skin, improve the texture, and help in exfoliation. But again, the acidity is the problem. If you are allergic to tomatoes, don’t use them.

What is Crystal Tomato? Does it have side effects?

Crystal Tomato is a dietary supplement and food additive that contains natural tomatoes and L-cysteine (an amino acid). It is FDA approved. But it might cause side effects in people who are allergic to tomatoes.

Do sun-dried tomatoes have side effects?

The one major concern of sun-dried tomatoes is their link with hepatitis. Sun-dried tomatoes can cause severe liver harm, and this depends on the brand that is selling it. As of now, we don’t know which brand stands to be the culprit.

How many tomatoes can I eat in a day?

About 1/3 cup of tomatoes in a day. But this quantity is specific to the individual. Otherwise, 1/3 cup of tomatoes in a day should be fine.

What are tomatoes good for, if taken in moderation?

When taken in moderation, tomatoes strengthen your immune system, prevent blood clotting, reduce inflammation, lower cholesterol levels, and may help prevent strokes.

Illustration: Side Effects Of Eating A Lot Of Tomatoes

Image: Stable Diffusion/StyleCraze Design Team

Excess consumption of tomatoes can lead to health issues. Get to know about the 10 disadvantages of eating tomatoes in excess. Play this video now!

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Reviewer Expert Author Editor Fact Checker

Ionut Ignat(RDN, PHD, MD)

   

Ionut Ignat is a registered nutritionist and dietitian in Romania with 35 years of experience. After graduating from medical school (Nutrition & Dietetics), he followed it up with a Master's Degree in Clinical & Pathological Food Disorders and Addictions and a PhD in Oncology Nutrition and Dietetics.

Read full bio of Ionut Ignat

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  Shavonne MorrisonMS, RD, LD Shavonne Morrison, MS, RD, LD, is a registered and licensed dietitian. She has a master’s degree in Nutrition Sciences from Texas Tech University and is passionate about helping women live their healthiest lives minus the stress.
  
  Shavonne Morrison, MS, RD, LD, is a registered and licensed dietitian. She has a master’s degree in Nutrition Sciences from Texas Tech University and is passionate about helping women live their healthiest lives minus the stress.

Ravi Teja TadimallaCo-Editor-in-Chief

 

Ravi Teja Tadimalla is a Co-Editor-in-Chief and a published author. He has been in the digital media field for over a decade. He graduated from SRM University, Chennai, and has a Professional Certificate in Food, Nutrition & Research from Wageningen University.

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Arshiya SyedaCo-Editor-in-Chief

Arshiya Syeda is the Co-Editor-in-Chief of StyleCraze with 8 years of experience. Prior to that, she was a content writer who combined her writing and research skills to write over 200 high-performing articles on hairstyles, hair care, and skin care.

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Aparna MallampalliHealth & Wellness Writer

Aparna is a professor-turned-content writer with over 5 years of experience in life sciences. Her passion for writing and interest in the healthcare and wellness industry pushed her toward a career in content writing. She has a master’s degree in microbiology from Osmania University, Hyderabad, and a diploma in nutrition from Fab Academy.

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